導讀作為英語教師，本人教授過雅思、托福、SAT的寫作，在教學過程中尤其是作文批改中，會發現各式各樣的語法錯誤。中式英文咱們暫且不說，最容易被大多數人忽略的一個錯....

作為英語教師，本人教授過雅思、托福、SAT的寫作，在教學過程中尤其是作文批改中，會發現各式各樣的語法錯誤。中式英文咱們暫且不說，最容易被大多數人忽略的一個錯誤是標點符號的使用錯誤，尤其是亂打逗號。殊不知，英語句子與漢語不同：我們經常看到，一段很長的漢語文章，可以有很多逗號，間隔著幾個句號；而英語句子有完整的主謂賓就是一個完整的句子，應該打句號，不然就會出現句子判斷錯誤，從而影響整段文章的邏輯發展。不光寫作有考查，就是ACT和SAT的語法考試里，有關逗號的題目每次考試至少也要考3-4題。

為了引起同學們的重視，以SAT語法考試中，涉略的有關逗號使用的語法題為例，我們來看看逗號的使用特點：

1. 主語和謂語之間不使用逗號，但當在主語后使用有插入語對句子進行解釋時，應使用雙逗號將插入語隔開。

例如：Tina, a successful businesswoman anda young mother, inspired many mothers in the world to pursue both their careersand family happiness.

解析：該句子的主語是 Tina，謂語是 inspired, a successful businesswoman and a young mother 是同位語結構解釋說明主語，故使用雙逗號。

例題 1: Helge Kragh，a science historian at Aarhus University in Denmark, agrees what themanuscript shows is that although by then he accepted the expansion of space,Einstein was unhappy with a Universe changing in time.

A. NO CHANGE

B. Helge Kragh a science historian at Aarhus University in Denmark,

C. Helge Kragh, a science historian at Aarhus University in Denmark

D. Helge Kragh, a science historian, at Aarhus University in Denmark

答案應該是哪個呢？

解題思路：根據選項特征，判斷此題考標點符號。主語：Helge Kragh；謂語：agrees，雙逗號之間的 a… In Denmark 短語作同位語解釋說明主語，用法正確；B, C, D 選項均缺少逗號；故此題選 A。

聰明的你，明白了嗎？

例題 2: These laws. They think could place bans on the rights of c

A. NO CHANGE

B. laws they, think

C. Laws, they think,

D. Laws they think，

y think，

答案：C

解題思路: 根據選項特征，判斷此題考標點符號。主語：these laws，謂語：could place，句子 they think 做插入語，主語和謂語之間要有兩個逗號，A 選項錯誤；B, D 選項同 A 選項錯誤；C 選項正確，故此題選 C.

2. 副詞類關聯詞（例如 however, thus 等）放在一個句子中間時，其前后都需要有逗號：但放在句首時，只需要在其后加一個逗號。

例如：His most prized time, however, willbe spent quietly in his hometown.

例題：The people with whom she did come incontact however. Had an enormous

A. NO CHANGE

B. Contact; however,

C. Contact, however

D. Contact, however,

r

D. Contact, however,

答案：？

3. 并列連詞 and, but, so, or, yet 用以連接兩個獨立句子時，連詞前面要加逗號。此規則是逗號用法中的難點，同學們應予以重視。

例如：He likes traveling

例題：His intellectual sights were set onhorizons farther than the still prejudicial post-Civil War ReconstructionistSouth and by 1884 he had decided to locate to Cleveland, Ohio.

A.NO CHANGE

B. South, and by 1884

C. South and, by 1884

D. South and by

h and, by 1884

D. South and by 1884,

1884,

答案：？

4. 并列連詞 and, but, or, yet 用以并列兩個詞或者短語時，不使用逗號，形式如下：Aand 3; 當這些連詞用于并列三個或三個以上詞

例如：

He promised to give me a pen and a ruler.

Her mother sells apples, peaches,

a ruler.

Her mother sells apples, peaches, and pears.

and pears.

例題 1: He rarely encountered racialdiscrimination, or prejudice, but on the contrary he was befriend

A. NOCHANGE

B. Racial discrimination or prejudice

C. Racial discrimination or, prejudice

D. Racial, discriminati

mination or, prejudice

D. Racial, discrimination or prejudice

on or prejudice

答案：？

5. 表目的的 to do 短語與其前部分之間不使用逗號，例如：The teacher encouraged the boy to speak in front of his classmates.

解析：主語：the teacher；謂語 encouraged; encouraged the boy to speak 是encourage sb. To do 長短語，不需要在中間使用逗號。SAT 考題形式見例題：

例題：Encouraged to get involved by theleaders of environmental groups, in 1969- -at the age of 79- -Douglas founded.Friends of the Everglades to prote

A. NO CHANGE

B. Founded Friends of the Everglades, to protest

C. Founded Friends of the Everglades to protest

D. Founded Friends, of the E

the Everglades to protest

D. Founded Friends, of the Everglades to protest

verglades to protest

答案：？

例 1: I knew the man working in the bank.

例 2: I knew the man, working in the ba

解析：例 1 中，主語：I；謂語：knew; working..Bank 短語作定語修飾 man. 例 2 中，主語：I；謂語：knew;working... Bank 短語作狀語，分詞 working的邏輯主語

nk 短語作定語修飾 man. 例 2 中，主語：I；謂語：knew;working... Bank 短語作狀語，分詞 working的邏輯主語是句子的主語 1.

SAT 考題形式見例題：

輯主語是句子的主語 1.

SAT 考題形式見例題：

例題：Daniels, however, advises theopposite. Believing that “we need to help youth understand this is a verypublic forum, " and that profile photos

A. NO CHANGE

B. However, advises the opposite believing

C. However advises the opposite believing

D. However, advises,

elieving

C. However advises the opposite believing

D. However, advises, the opposite believing

答案：？

s, the opposite believing

答案：？

上面這些沒有公布答案的題目，你知道錯誤在哪嗎？好好想想，我們下次公布答案。

,