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發(fā)布時間:2024-01-22閱讀(13)
英語句子按照使用目的和交際功能分為陳述句,疑問句,祈使句,感嘆句,下面我們就來聊聊關于英語句子語法基礎知識大全?接下來我們就一起去了解一下吧!

英語句子語法基礎知識大全
英語句子按照使用目的和交際功能分為陳述句,疑問句,祈使句,感嘆句。
一、陳述句
用來表述一件事或表達一種看法,有肯定式和否定式,常用降調。
1.陳述句的肯定式主要由主語和動詞或動詞短語兩部分構成,如:He finished his homework.
2.陳述句的否定式的構成是在肯定式的基礎上在其系動詞be(am, is, are, was, were)或情態(tài)動詞(can, must, may, should…),助動詞(do, does, did, have, has, will, would)的后面直接加not構成。如:He didnt finish his homework./She isnt a teacher.
二、疑問句
用來提問的句子,句末用問號。疑問句考查內容有一般疑問句,特殊疑問句,選擇疑問句,反意疑問句。
1.一般疑問句的基本結構為:Be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞 主語 動詞 其他?句子要用聲調。如:Is your father a teacher? Do you enjoy listening to music? Can you speak English?
2.特殊疑問句多數(shù)以who, when, where, what, why, which, whose, how這類特殊疑問詞開頭。其基本結構為:特殊疑問詞 一般疑問句,即特殊疑問詞 be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞 主語 動詞 其他?如:What is your father? When will the meeting start?
3.選擇疑問句是用來提出兩種或者兩種以上的選擇(用or連接),要求對方選擇一種情況回答的問句。語調一般是前面的選擇用升調,最后一種選擇用降調。選擇疑問句分為一般選擇疑問句和特殊選擇疑問句兩種。
(1)一般選擇疑問句的構成:一般疑問句 or 選擇部分?如:Do you like red or yellow?
(2)特殊選擇疑問句的構成:特殊疑問句,A or B ? 如:Which colour do you like, red or yellow?
4.反意疑問句是一種常用于口語的疑問句,這種問句由兩部分組成,前一部分是陳述句,后一部分是附加的簡短問句,中間用逗號隔開,因此反意疑問句又稱附加疑問句。
反意疑問句的特點:如果陳述句是肯定句式,附加句式用否定句式;如果陳述句是否定形式,附加問句用肯定句式。如:They didnt clean the classroom yesterday, did they? 如果陳述句中有no, never, nothing, seldom, hardly, few, little等否定意義的詞時,陳述句就可以看成是否定句,附加句式就用肯定形式。如:He has few friends, does he?
幾種特殊形式的反意疑問句:(1)Lets go to school, shall we? (2)Let us go to school, will you? (3)祈使句(肯定形式和否定形式),will you? 如:Open the door, will you?/Dont open the door, will you?
三、祈使句
表示命令,請求,建議或勸告等。祈使句的主語是第二人稱you,常常省略,謂語動詞用原形。沒有時態(tài)變化,不能與情態(tài)動詞連用。有肯定式和否定式兩種形式。如:Be quiet. Stand up, please. Dont shout.
四、感嘆句
用來表達說話人強烈的喜怒哀樂等情緒,用how或what引導。how和what所修飾的詞放在其后,其他部分用陳述語序。在口語中主語和謂語常省略,句末使用感嘆號。
1.What引導的感嘆句,句式基本結構:
What a/an 形容詞 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) (主語 謂語)!如:What a nice watch (it is)!
What 形容詞 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞 (主語 謂語)!如:What beautiful flowers(they are)! /What important news (it is)!
2.How引導的感嘆句,句式基本結構:
How 形容詞/副詞 主語 謂語!如:How tall the girl is!/ How hard he works!
五、練習
(一)根據(jù)句意和要求,變換句式。
1.She has finished her homework. (否定句)
2.Did they have a good time in Beijing last week?(陳述句)
3.He gets up at six oclock every morning. (劃線提問)
4.Lets have a break, _______?(反意疑問句)
5.What beautiful flowers they are!(同義句)
6.Close your books, please.(否定句)
7.There is little water in the cup, _______? (反意疑問句)
8.She moved to Shanghai two years ago.(劃線提問)
9.How tall the building is!(同義句)
10. Dont talk in class, _______?(反意疑問句)
(二)句子翻譯。
1.我喜歡看小說。
2.大年初一你們不準大清掃。
3.昨天早上你為什么上學遲到?
4.你每天走路還是騎自行車上學?
5.多么好的天氣啊!
6.圖書館內禁止喧嘩。
7.你喜歡哪一種水果,香蕉還是葡萄?
8.他們每天都踢足球,對嗎?
9.將來書會被因特網取代嗎?
10.我買這塊手表已經三個月了。
*練習參考答案
(一)1.She hasnt finished her homework.
2.They had a good time in Beijing last week.
3.When does he get up every morning?
4. shall we
5.How beautiful the flowers are!
6. Dont close your books, please.
7.is there
8.When did she move to Shanghai?
9.What a tall building it is!
10. will you
(二)1.I like reading novels.
2.You mustnt do any cleaning on the first day of the Spring Festival.
3.Why were you late for school yesterday morning?
4.Do you walk or ride a bike to school?
5.What fine weather it is!/ How fine the weather is!
6.Dont shout in the library!
7.Which fruit do you like, bananas or grapes?
8.They play football every day, dont they?
9.Will books be replaced by the Internet in the future?
10. I have had the watch for three months.
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