導(dǎo)讀1.subject[?s?bd??kt]n.主語(yǔ)①英語(yǔ)解釋(牛津)：anoun,nounphraseorpronounrepresentingthepers....

1.subject [?s?bd??kt] n. 主語(yǔ)

①英語(yǔ)解釋(牛津)：a noun, noun phrase or pronoun representing the person or thing that performs the action of the verb, about which sth is stated or, in a passive sentence, that is affected by the action of the verb

②特點(diǎn)：主語(yǔ)通常位于句首，是動(dòng)作的發(fā)起者，作為句子的主體，是句子要表達(dá)的人或事物或事件。

③Tom(主語(yǔ)) often goes swimming on Sunday.

2. predicate [?pred?ke?t] n. 謂語(yǔ)

①英語(yǔ)解釋(牛津)：a part of a sentence containing a verb that makes a statement about the subject of the verb

②特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)主要對(duì)主語(yǔ)加以陳述，表示主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常見分類有簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)和復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)；根據(jù)具體用法還可以細(xì)分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞。

③Tom took care of (簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)) his brother and he couldnt go(復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)) swimming with his brother.

3.object [??bd??kt] n. 賓語(yǔ)

①英語(yǔ)解釋(牛津)：a noun, noun phrase or pronoun that refers to a person or thing that is affected by the action of the verb(called the direct object), or that the action is done to or for(called the indirect object)

②特點(diǎn)：賓語(yǔ)分為直接賓語(yǔ)(常見)、間接賓語(yǔ)(常見)、同源賓語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)可以是動(dòng)作的承受者，位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，形成動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)(常考)；也可以位于介詞之后，形成介賓結(jié)構(gòu)(常考)。

③Tom gave me(間接賓語(yǔ)) a book(直接賓語(yǔ)).

4.predicative [pr??d?k?t?v] n.表語(yǔ)

①英語(yǔ)解釋(柯林斯)：relating to or occurring within the predicate of a sentence

②特點(diǎn)：表語(yǔ)通常位于連系動(dòng)詞之后，用于說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、身份等。注意：連系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)=復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。

③Tom looks handsome(表語(yǔ)).

5.attributive [??tr?bj?t?v] n. 定語(yǔ)

①英語(yǔ)解釋(牛津)：a quality or feature of sb/sth

②特點(diǎn)：定語(yǔ)主要用于修飾或限定名詞或代詞。

③Tom is a handsome(定語(yǔ)) boy.

6.adverbial [?d?v??bi?l] n. 狀語(yǔ)

①英語(yǔ)解釋(柯林斯)：relating to adverbs or like an adverb

②特點(diǎn)：副詞主要用于修飾實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、整個(gè)句子，可表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、方式、條件、程度、伴隨、比較、讓步等。

③Tom had supper at 20:15 last night(狀語(yǔ)).

7.object complement [??bd??kt ?k?mpl?ment] 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

①英語(yǔ)解釋(Grammar Monster)：a noun, a pronoun, or an adjective that follows a direct object to rename it or state what it has become

②特點(diǎn)：賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)主要用于補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)，在句子結(jié)構(gòu)上與賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。

③Tom found the book boring(賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)).

8.appositive [?p?z?t?v] n. 同位語(yǔ)

①英語(yǔ)解釋(柯林斯)：an appositive word or phrase

②特點(diǎn)：同位語(yǔ)主要是對(duì)句子中某一成分作進(jìn)一步的解釋說(shuō)明，與該成分在語(yǔ)法上處于同等地位，句子位置位于該成分之后。

③We two(同位語(yǔ)) are good friends.

9.independent element [??nd??pend?nt ?el?m?nt] 獨(dú)立成分

①英語(yǔ)解釋(有道翻譯)：a sentence component that has no grammatical relation with the whole sentence

②特點(diǎn)：獨(dú)立成分主要是指與全句沒有語(yǔ)法關(guān)系的句子成分，常見的有感嘆詞、稱呼語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)、答語(yǔ)。

③To tell you the truth(獨(dú)立成分), Tom is a good boy.

10.附圖：