當(dāng)前位置:首頁(yè)>知識(shí)>想從事投行必須看的書(簡(jiǎn)歷與求職信到底該怎么寫)
發(fā)布時(shí)間:2024-01-23閱讀(18)

作者:白蘭地Brandy來(lái)源:Brandy Mercury原標(biāo)題:投行求職系列:簡(jiǎn)歷與求職信
01
什么是target school(目標(biāo)校)?
針對(duì)前臺(tái)崗位,一般外資投行都有自己的target school list。比較公認(rèn)的是美國(guó)top30大學(xué) & top20文理學(xué)院/ Oxbridge G5 LBS / 港三大 / 國(guó)內(nèi)top4(歐洲和加拿大的學(xué)校不是特別了解,但聽說也有少部分同學(xué)拿到offer)。美國(guó)投行的前臺(tái)崗位基本只對(duì)本科生開放,部分二級(jí)市場(chǎng)相關(guān)崗位也會(huì)考慮研究生(金融工程等quant類崗位)。個(gè)別非目標(biāo)校同學(xué)通過networking like a ninja一樣有機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)入。HK則對(duì)本科和碩士一視同仁。(這里附上一位前輩關(guān)于HK投行美國(guó)碩士目標(biāo)校的科普貼:https://www.chasedream.com/show.aspx?id=23964&cid=29)
這個(gè)list未必是絕對(duì)的。我認(rèn)識(shí)不少能力極強(qiáng)的前輩,他們都并非畢業(yè)于以上學(xué)校。如果對(duì)自己的學(xué)校是否屬于target school有疑問,最好的方法還是上LinkedIn搜索公司并查看員工們的背景和畢業(yè)院校。畢竟公司也只是找?guī)讉€(gè)能干活又聽話的聰明小孩,閉眼挑學(xué)校面試不要太差就行,到最后大家其實(shí)都差不多。所以作為非target school的學(xué)生,假使你想進(jìn)香港或紐約的外資投行做front desk,還是去國(guó)外念個(gè)top的金融工程碩士比較靠譜。現(xiàn)在連本土投行都是海歸遍地,家里有關(guān)系的都要去海外刷個(gè)文憑,更不要說一般家庭。寬裕的話本科的時(shí)候就轉(zhuǎn)到國(guó)外念,不少trading都是只在本科生里招。再就是客觀評(píng)估下自己的學(xué)術(shù)能力如何。普通人不要輕易讀PhD,這一行越早入坑越好,多刷實(shí)習(xí)是王道。
進(jìn)不了target school投行不要怎么辦?也沒關(guān)系,紐約乃至全美國(guó)大大小小的fund總歸有機(jī)會(huì),要是實(shí)在有投行情節(jié)的話在buy side刷兩年經(jīng)驗(yàn)也可以作為experienced hire繼續(xù)申,總之只要你留在這個(gè)行業(yè),不忘磨練自己的技術(shù),就總歸有機(jī)會(huì)。其實(shí)有時(shí)候我觀察一下街上混得比較好的中國(guó)人,很多都不是大投行出身。大投行畢竟只是把人塑造成一個(gè)超級(jí)螺絲釘,所以我認(rèn)為也不要太糾結(jié)這些名頭,小fund里說不定機(jī)會(huì)更多。
02
投行對(duì)專業(yè)是否有限制?什么條件才能進(jìn)投行?
比起專業(yè),在校成績(jī)和相關(guān)實(shí)習(xí)更為重要。如果面試官認(rèn)為你對(duì)金融領(lǐng)域有不錯(cuò)的了解,對(duì)這份工作感興趣(通過networking和實(shí)習(xí)展現(xiàn)),就有可能給你面試機(jī)會(huì)。投行并不是dealing with rocket science(quant除外),所以檢驗(yàn)一個(gè)申請(qǐng)者是否優(yōu)秀的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)還是成績(jī)和實(shí)習(xí)。GPA肯定是越高越好,一般專業(yè)3.7/4.0為佳,math相關(guān)的專業(yè)則會(huì)放寬到3.5/4.0。
這里想重點(diǎn)聊一下成績(jī)的作用。中國(guó)學(xué)生一般都很看重績(jī)點(diǎn),會(huì)花大量的時(shí)間和精力在提高GPA上。我自己認(rèn)為在成績(jī)過線后繼續(xù)死磕4.0的邊際效益不是很高。我也見過<3.0的朋友靠著solid technical skills和逆天的社交能力進(jìn)入front office。還有同學(xué)問有沒有必要為了進(jìn)入投行而刻意選擇好拿分的課,我認(rèn)為這些都是個(gè)人選擇。想清楚自己究竟要什么最重要,畢竟教育是一輩子的事。
所以一般來(lái)說,target school 高GPA 1-2段相關(guān)實(shí)習(xí),過簡(jiǎn)歷關(guān)都是沒問題的。
03
是否有必要為了進(jìn)入投行考CFA?
可以但沒必要。CFA一級(jí)幾乎覆蓋了金融行業(yè)的方方面面,考完會(huì)讓你對(duì)行業(yè)有一個(gè)全面的了解。但這對(duì)應(yīng)屆生求職外資投行,并不會(huì)直接加分。CFA更多的作用還是在于增進(jìn)對(duì)行業(yè)的了解。不過想要求職equity research和asset management這類崗位的同學(xué)可以考慮考一個(gè),因?yàn)槊绹?guó)這邊CFA對(duì)portfolio manager來(lái)說幾乎是標(biāo)配。其實(shí)說到底還是要看個(gè)人的時(shí)間分配。我的建議是,非金融專業(yè)的同學(xué)還是先把精力放在準(zhǔn)備面試的相關(guān)知識(shí)上,等到大四開學(xué)拿到return offer后,再考個(gè)level 1來(lái)增進(jìn)對(duì)行業(yè)的了解,這樣可以節(jié)省一定的時(shí)間成本。金融專業(yè)的同學(xué)考起證來(lái)就更容易了,不過我個(gè)人認(rèn)為如果本科已經(jīng)學(xué)了金融,考證的邊際效益不是很大。
簡(jiǎn)歷 Resume
接下來(lái)進(jìn)入正題,講一下金融行業(yè)的簡(jiǎn)歷寫作。
首先需要注意的是格式
金融行業(yè)簡(jiǎn)歷切記不能超過一頁(yè),格式上必須整齊。很多人容易忽視的一點(diǎn)是,簡(jiǎn)歷的字?jǐn)?shù)未必越多越好,要有適當(dāng)留白。絕對(duì)不能有錯(cuò)別字(analyst很看重這點(diǎn),equity research最看重這個(gè)),所以一定要反復(fù)修改,必要時(shí)可以請(qǐng)專業(yè)人士幫忙檢查。簡(jiǎn)單列一些具體的格式要求:
- 字體一般用times new roman的10號(hào);
- 一定要用bullet point和分割線;
- title一般是大寫的姓名,底下列一行個(gè)人信息:電話 地址(學(xué)校) 郵箱(學(xué)校)。
以下是一位做IB的朋友(已經(jīng)過隱私處理)貢獻(xiàn)的一個(gè)我個(gè)人比較喜歡的模板,是外資投行比較認(rèn)可的格式:
其次是內(nèi)容和素材
一般的步驟是從job description出發(fā),梳理該崗位重視的經(jīng)歷和特質(zhì),然后篩選出跟所申崗位最相關(guān)的經(jīng)歷(未必越多越好)。所以比較穩(wěn)妥的做法是選擇3-4個(gè) industry-specific & most related work experience 各寫3-4個(gè)bullet points。大家耳熟能詳?shù)?STAR (situation, task, action, result) 原則也同樣適用于簡(jiǎn)歷寫作。 以下是一些注意要點(diǎn):
- 面試官第一眼看到并盤問的一定是最上面的實(shí)習(xí)經(jīng)歷,所以第一份工作經(jīng)歷一定要是最相關(guān)最有把握應(yīng)對(duì)的;
- Relevant courses 放在最前面的一定是你最confident的,被提問專業(yè)知識(shí)的幾率也最大;
- 低年級(jí)的同學(xué)可以適當(dāng)寫一寫high school時(shí)獲得的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng),比如AP scholar之類的;
- 社團(tuán)和課外活動(dòng)里如果有比較senior的position記得要提;如果沒有相關(guān)經(jīng)歷的話,volunteer experience 在外資投行看來(lái)也是非常好的extra-curriculum; 想強(qiáng)調(diào)自己的 technical skill 和職業(yè)興趣可以有針對(duì)性參加一些 trading competition, finance club, stock pitching competition 等。
接下來(lái)看如何polish簡(jiǎn)歷
其實(shí)一個(gè)很好的辦法是去幾所著名商學(xué)院的官網(wǎng)搜索sample resume book,多借鑒別人的用詞和句式。以下是我自己幾個(gè)boost experience的小tips:
- 用數(shù)字說話。注意使用細(xì)節(jié)數(shù)據(jù),記得要 expand on the data:產(chǎn)出了多少份報(bào)告?搭了多少個(gè)model?參加了多少個(gè)meeting?How much %profit did you bring?How many people have you influenced?申請(qǐng)quant相關(guān)可以把 Sharpe Ratio 或 annual rate of return 寫上去。總之盡量用數(shù)字 quantify your impact;
- 多用action verb, 針對(duì)jd里的skillset有針對(duì)性地使用不同動(dòng)詞。這個(gè)就不需要我再?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)了吧,在網(wǎng)上隨手找了一個(gè)list供參考:https://www.themuse.com/advice/185-powerful-verbs-that-will-make-your-resume-awesome
- Highlight YOUR ability/contribution. 要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是你為公司/團(tuán)隊(duì)作了多少貢獻(xiàn)。例如你如何讓一個(gè) trading algorithm more efficient, 然后為小組創(chuàng)造了多少額外利潤(rùn)。公司最想看到申請(qǐng)者如何 go beyond assigned task & take extra steps;
- 用對(duì)比凸顯你的能力。一些常見的例子有:GPA (or major GPA, whichever is higher) 高的同學(xué)可以寫rank top % or x/y, 或 Deans list all semesters;在國(guó)內(nèi)讀本科的同學(xué)可以寫 admitted on basis of performance on national college admissions exam (x/yyyyyy); Selected awards 可以寫 First Prize in XXX Competition (top x% of ~X,000 participants); XXX Scholarship (top 3%, awarded to those with outstanding XXX performance and XXX); 有些錄取難度較大的研究生項(xiàng)目可以寫 Selected to XXX Program (top 5%, on basis of outstanding research performance);
- Associate with a big friend & mention any connection you have. 例如你曾經(jīng)實(shí)習(xí)/合作過大公司,或者你是 ex JP Morgan, ex Goldman Sachs,都是很好的resume booster。但也要注意這些都有可能拔高面試官對(duì)你的期望,從而導(dǎo)致面試難度加大,是把雙刃劍;
- An objective statement is a waste of time. 切忌直接抄 job description。
如何讓簡(jiǎn)歷脫穎而出
其實(shí)每個(gè)申請(qǐng)者看起來(lái)都成績(jī)優(yōu)異 & 經(jīng)歷豐富,這種情況下就需要 differentiate yourself from others. 投行可不喜歡招書呆子,所以招聘中很重要的一個(gè)審核標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是,這個(gè)申請(qǐng)者是不是個(gè)有意思的人。畢竟他們面試的目的就是招聘將來(lái)一起工作的人,所以能否做到討人喜歡非常重要。這部分就需要在經(jīng)常被大家忽視的interests & extracurriculum下功夫。傳說trading desk看簡(jiǎn)歷一般只花幾秒瀏覽:1. 學(xué)校 2. 興趣愛好。由此可見其重要性。
這部分大家可以先思考下自己能否survive著名的 airport test 和 elevator pitch。關(guān)于具體內(nèi)容,我個(gè)人認(rèn)為亞洲學(xué)生比較常見的一些興趣,如果不是有特殊成就最好就不要放了(雖然我自己也寫了鋼琴哈哈)。一些比較加分的有:校報(bào)的journalist and photographer,wine tasting(曾經(jīng)有朋友跟MD聊了半小時(shí)紅酒被錄),community service/volunteering。public speaking/debate, fashion blogger/video design/vlogging,還有運(yùn)動(dòng)競(jìng)技類(能體現(xiàn)團(tuán)隊(duì)合作為佳)。根據(jù)特定崗位來(lái)分,Trader喜歡Texas Holdem和極限運(yùn)動(dòng),sales一般會(huì)看重第二外語(yǔ)和多國(guó)旅游的經(jīng)歷。
最后要注意的是,簡(jiǎn)歷都是employer-focused的,所以dont brag about yourself,同時(shí)也不要有self-depreciation。
求職信 Cover Letter
接著來(lái)看Cover Letter的部分。
這點(diǎn)中美又有很大差異。香港因?yàn)樯暾?qǐng)者太多,不一定會(huì)真的一個(gè)個(gè)審核。但美國(guó)這邊比較注重cover letter,瀏覽材料的順序一般是先看cover letter后看resume。所以很有必要在里面聲明background和preference,并根據(jù)想要申請(qǐng)崗位的skillsets列出一些相應(yīng)的bullet points。Cover letter其實(shí)又分為三類:perspective cover letter,application cover letter,和networking cover letter,這里著重講一下第二種。格式如下:
一般來(lái)說要寫四段,一共20 行。其中有幾行可以靈活改動(dòng),這樣就可以適用于各類公司。具體內(nèi)容如下:
個(gè)人信息
Date
First and Last Name
Street Address
City, State Zip
Phone
第一部分(一段)
Format: I’m very interested in xxx. How you fit in the job? Whom you get the info from?
例子
- I am very interested in the entry-level position that is available at ABC Investment Partners. I recently graduated from XYZ University College and my courses in investments, finance, and business have given me a solid base upon which I plan to build to build my career.
- I am writing to express my strong interest in the International Marketing position open at WellCam, Inc. My colleague Janna Doling recommended that I contact you directly about this position, due to my years developing successful campaigns for XYZ Company.
- Im writing to express my interest in the Editorial Assistant position listed on Monster.com. Given my five years of editorial experience and excellent capabilities, I would appreciate your consideration for this position.
第二部分(兩段)
Format: Why you interested in this job? What’s your specific skill set? Why this skill is related to the position you applied for?
除了GS要求針對(duì)申請(qǐng)的不同崗位各寫一段skillset上的match,其他幾家都是正常每個(gè)崗位separately提交一封。以下是針對(duì)不同崗位的幾個(gè)范例:
IBD強(qiáng)調(diào)團(tuán)隊(duì)合作和technical skills等:
例子
“Among the technical skills I possess are Bloomberg and Capital IQ, which allow me to maintain all customer communication and any charts that are needed, as well as design effective presentations. My advanced multitasking skills allow me to easily handle a multitude of projects at once, which I know is vital in a fast-paced organization such as yours. As a dedicated team member, I am willing and able to go above and beyond to meet deadlines and ensure that my teams and the companys goals are met. In addition, my strong communication skills ensure that I will help create the best impression for your clients and prospects. I am constantly looking to improve my individual contribution to the team, as well as my ability to take a lead role when needed. I helped analyst do daily work, established trust with team members and project collaborators, mediated disputes and motivated others into action.”
ER強(qiáng)調(diào) reports writing, detail-oriented, analytical skills等:
例子
“I developed my ability to critically analyze the industrial reality in the technology and industrial sector as well as stock and bond performance. In addition, I defended my views in front of my team and the investment committee of the firm. I utilized my analytical skills in determining the adequacy of business plans for companies across various industrials. Through careful consideration of the financial projections and the business model, I prepared reports for seniors with recommendations about how to proceed with investor funding. I utilized my analytical skills in determining the adequacy of business plans for companies across various industries.”
Sales/PWM: 強(qiáng)調(diào)client-oriented (communication)等:
例子
“I have developed considerable experience working with clients, including collecting data to determine their needs, conceptualizing and researching creative solutions, selling and defending those solutions, and finally leading and working with diverse teams during implementation while also managing client expectations. In addition, I have solid multi-tasking, organizational leadership and decision-making skills that can make an immediate contribution to your company.”
最后一段Closing
Format:感謝對(duì)方的時(shí)間,求interview,有問題隨時(shí)問。
例子
“I look forward to further discussing my qualifications, which are fully presented in my enclosed resume, and demonstrating how I will be the perfect fit for the Investment Banking Summer Analyst position and your firm. Thank you sincerely for your time and consideration. I look forward to hearing from you soon. ”
最后列一些我認(rèn)為不好的cover letter特征,大家可以自我檢驗(yàn):
- Poor overall appearance
- Poor grammar, punctuation, and misspelled words
- Rambling - lack of focus
- Self-focused versus employer focused
- Bland, boring text
- Gross exaggeration - bragging
- Aggressive, pushy tone
- Self-depreciation
讀者 Q&A
Q:想了解一下作者當(dāng)年暑假自學(xué)量化的方式,想請(qǐng)教作者當(dāng)時(shí)使用了什么教材、聽了什么網(wǎng)課、每天投入了多少時(shí)間、以及如何檢驗(yàn)自己的學(xué)習(xí)成效。感謝!
A:我當(dāng)時(shí)自學(xué)的教材是Ludwig的<Quantitative Equity Portfolio Management>,之后還在Coursera上了stochastic calculus, numerical methods和ordinary differential equation(因?yàn)楸究频臅r(shí)候來(lái)不及修這些比較高階的數(shù)學(xué)課)。我本科時(shí)學(xué)過python,不過做量化特別是高頻交易的話還是推薦C 。所以我當(dāng)時(shí)還去上了Baruch college一門叫C programming for financial engineering的課并拿了證,雖然價(jià)格不低但對(duì)入門來(lái)說還是比較推薦的。
檢驗(yàn)學(xué)習(xí)成效的話其實(shí)還是要多實(shí)踐,我當(dāng)時(shí)實(shí)習(xí)的時(shí)候有研究論文并實(shí)現(xiàn)一些簡(jiǎn)單的交易策略,然后進(jìn)行回測(cè)。我覺得如果能有機(jī)會(huì)完整地把扒數(shù)據(jù)、清洗數(shù)據(jù)、實(shí)現(xiàn)策略然后回測(cè)這個(gè)過程做一遍,應(yīng)該就能對(duì)量化有一個(gè)大致的了解了。但我從未打算從事這方面的工作,所以這個(gè)回答僅供參考。
歡迎分享轉(zhuǎn)載→http://www.avcorse.com/read-106972.html
Copyright ? 2024 有趣生活 All Rights Reserve吉ICP備19000289號(hào)-5 TXT地圖HTML地圖XML地圖