導(dǎo)讀新概念英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)Lesson15重點(diǎn)詞匯句型語(yǔ)法難句解析課文及翻譯Lesson15Fiftypenceworthoftrouble五十便士的麻煩Lesson....

新概念英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)Lesson15重點(diǎn)詞匯句型語(yǔ)法難句解析課文及翻譯

Lesson 15 Fifty pence worth of trouble 五十便士的麻煩

Lesson 15 Fifty pence worth of trouble 五十便士的麻煩

一、重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語(yǔ)拓展解析New words and expressions

appreciate v. 欣賞，感激，pocket money 零用錢(qián)，rattle v. 格格作響，thrifty adj. 節(jié)儉的，nephew n. 侄子，外甥，bounce v. 彈起，跳起，pavement n. 人行道，stick ( stuck, stuck ) v. 卡住，夾住，不能再動(dòng)，brigade n. 旅， （消防）隊(duì)，grease n. 潤(rùn)滑油

1.exchange v.交換；兌換 n.交換；交易所；兌換；交戰(zhàn)exchange v.交換；兌換 n.交換；交易所；兌換；交戰(zhàn)

We exchanged addresses. 我們交換了地址。

We exchanged Christmas cards.我們互送圣誕賀卡。

They exchanged glances.他們互相掃了一眼。

Miss Gan and I exchanged smiles.甘小姐和我相視一笑。

The two men exchanged greetings.他們兩人互相打招呼。

We exchanged a few words.我們互相聊了幾句。

exchanges for: 換取，以......來(lái)交換

If the car you have bought is unsatisfactory, you can exchange it for another. 如果您對(duì)租用的車(chē)輛不滿(mǎn)意，可以換一輛。

I exchanged the book for a pen made in China. 我用書(shū)換了一中國(guó)制造的鋼支筆。

Unwanted gifts were exchanged for more desirable ones.人們把不想要的禮品換成了自己喜歡的東西。

The little girl exchanged her pen for candy.

exchange sth With sb exchange smile, look, greetings ’ 同某人交換…

He exchanged a quick smile with her, and then entered the lift.他與她匆匆相視一笑，然后進(jìn)入電梯。

He exchanged nods with Ma Yun. 他和馬云互相點(diǎn)頭致意。

He exchanged blows with a young man. 他和一個(gè)年輕人互毆起來(lái)。

He wants to exchange his house, perhaps with a family trying to leave Guangzhou.他想和別人換房子，也許會(huì)和一家想要離開(kāi)廣州的人家交換。

2. rattle v. 格格作響

3. thrifty adj. 節(jié)儉的

同義詞：economical

4. bounce v. 彈起，跳起

The coin was bounced.

同義詞：jump (跳躍)， leap (躍)， hop (單足跳)， spring (彈跳；n. 彈簧)， skip (跳躍；略過(guò))

5. stick ( stuck, stuck ) v. 卡住，夾住，不能再動(dòng)

stick:不能跳躍，卡住；堅(jiān)持，粘貼

You must stick to your idea.

Stick the stamp on the envelop.

stick with:忠實(shí)于...... （=be faithful to ）

His arm was stuck. 他的胳膊被卡住了。

6. brigade n. 旅， （消防）隊(duì)

fire brigade: 消防隊(duì)

= fire department

= fire station

7.appreciate v. 欣賞，感激

The poem is too difficult for me to appreciate.

I appreciate your help. = be thankful / grateful to sb.

二、課文重點(diǎn)句型語(yǔ)法分析及翻譯Lesson15 Fifty pence worth of trouble

1. Children always appreciate small gifts of money. Father, of course, provides a regular supply of pocket-money, but uncles and aunts are always a source of extra income. 孩子們總是喜歡得到一些零花錢(qián)。爸爸媽媽當(dāng)然經(jīng)常給孩子零花錢(qián)，但是，叔舅嬸姨也是孩子們額外收入來(lái)源。

1. appreciate的基本詞義是：欣賞，感激等。特別注意: 這個(gè)詞賓語(yǔ)是物，不可以接人作賓語(yǔ)。

(1) 欣賞: He really appreciates fine furniture. 他懂得欣賞好的家具。

(2) 感激: We appreciate all the help you gave us. 我們感激你給我們的幫助。

本句中，引申為：喜歡=enjoy, 翻譯作：孩子們總是喜歡得到些零花錢(qián)。

Tip: 很多時(shí)候，詞語(yǔ)的意思要根據(jù)上下文聯(lián)系來(lái)判斷。

2. provide a regular supply of …定期地提供……

provide sth. for sb./ provide sb. with sth. 為某人提供某物品

The villagers provided a regular supply of food for the soldiers.

=The villagers provided the soldiers with a regular supply of food.

零用錢(qián)的幾種表達(dá)法：extra income, small gifts of money, pocket money

作者在文中三處用了不同的零用錢(qián)表達(dá)法，為的是讓讀者抓住主題，TIP:寫(xiě)作時(shí)避免使用同樣的詞。

2. With some children, small sums go a long way. If six pences are not exchanged for sweets, they rattle for months inside money-boxes. 對(duì)于有些孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，少量的錢(qián)可以花很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間。如果六便士不拿來(lái)?yè)Q糖吃，則可以放在儲(chǔ)蓄罐里叮當(dāng)響上好幾月。介詞With和For的區(qū)別：“對(duì)于……來(lái)說(shuō)”介詞for----“關(guān)于，對(duì)于……來(lái)說(shuō)，考慮到……的事實(shí)”

The weather is quite warm for November.

For him, this will be an entirely new hobby.

介詞with----“在某一方面”（多用于二者的比較）

With some people, pleasure is more important than work.

With frugal housewives, they made their small income go a long way.

Some people may accept that excuse, but it won’t work with me.

With other children, small sums can’t go a long way.

go a long way 維持很久

The money we have will go a long way.

go a long way towards: 對(duì)……大有幫助

This will go a long way towards overcoming the difficulty.(overcome: 戰(zhàn)勝，克服)

介詞With和For作“對(duì)于……來(lái)說(shuō)”的區(qū)別：

A. 介詞for----“關(guān)于，對(duì)于……來(lái)說(shuō)，考慮到……的事實(shí)”

The weather is quite warm for November. 對(duì)十一月來(lái)說(shuō)，這兒的天氣很暖和了。

For him, this will be an entirely new hobby. 對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)，這是全新的愛(ài)好。

B. 介詞with----“在某一方面”（多用于二者的比較）

With some people, pleasure is more important than work. 對(duì)有些人來(lái)說(shuō)，享樂(lè)比工作重要。

Some people may accept that excuse, but it won’t work with me. 有些人可能會(huì)接受那樣的借口，但是我絕對(duì)不容許。

piece 這里是硬幣的意思，等于：coin

pence: 便士 （penny 便士的復(fù)數(shù)：pence）

a fifty pence: 一個(gè)五十便士的硬幣

a fifty penies: 五十個(gè)一便士的硬幣

總結(jié)一些常見(jiàn)的擬聲詞

rattle: 叮當(dāng)作響 ==tinkle，這里引申為：存放（keep）,用了擬聲詞，使句子很生動(dòng)。

The milk bottles rattled in the crate.牛奶瓶在板條箱里發(fā)出咣當(dāng)咣當(dāng)?shù)呐鲎猜暋?/p>

( move noisily ) 隆隆地行進(jìn)；哐啷哐啷地移動(dòng)

The bus rattled into a dusty village.那輛公共汽車(chē)哐啷哐啷地駛?cè)胍粋€(gè)塵土彌漫的村莊。

The train rattled along at about 30 mph.火車(chē)以大約每小時(shí)30英里的速度隆隆地向前行駛。

roar:呼嘯（重點(diǎn)突出老虎、獅子等大動(dòng)物的鳴叫聲）The car roared by me. 車(chē)子呼嘯著從我身邊飛馳過(guò)。

shout at: 大喊大叫 = bark at，grunt 豬的呼嚕聲，咕嘟地說(shuō)著，He is grunting. 咕噥的，哼哼唧唧的

slam: 砰的一聲：She went out, slamming the door behind her.

她走了出去，砰的一聲關(guān)上門(mén)。

3. Only very thrifty children manage to fill up a money-box. For most of them, sixpence is a small price to pay for a satisfying bar of chocolate.但是能把儲(chǔ)蓄罐裝滿(mǎn)的只有屈指可數(shù)的幾個(gè)特別節(jié)儉的孩子。對(duì)大部分孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，用50便士來(lái)買(mǎi)一大塊好的巧克力，是算不了什么的。fill up: 裝滿(mǎn)

Potatoes fill us up without overloading us with calories. 土豆容易使我們產(chǎn)生飽腹感，使我們不攝入過(guò)多的卡路里。

The waitress kept filling up everyone’s glass with wine. 服務(wù)員把每個(gè)人的杯子都斟滿(mǎn)酒。

1．up ----表示方向

to----目的地、說(shuō)話(huà)者所在處

up to ----表示到達(dá)目的地

towards----表示朝某個(gè)方向

2．表示沿著，走向更遠(yuǎn)的地方，從鄉(xiāng)下去城市，從位置較低的地方去高的地方，側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)距離更遠(yuǎn)了

They walked up the street.

The children run up the garden path to greet their father.

3. 系列動(dòng)詞 up ---- 表示消費(fèi)，摧毀，徹底，光，用完

burn up

eat up

use up 用光

Drink up your whisky.

Eat up your vegetable.

Finish it up.

4． 表示積存，從少到多，積少成多

We must lay up some boiled food for the winter.

= store up, hold up, gather up

5．表示從河的上游到下游，河流入口處以上到源頭的某一點(diǎn)

They are sailing up the Thames.

The house is up the river.

6．動(dòng)詞 up ----表示包起來(lái)、封住、蓋住

button up 扣上鈕扣

wrap up 包裹起來(lái)

lock up 鎖上 lock the house up

fasten up 栓起來(lái)

save up 賺錢(qián)

wash up 洗碗盆

do up 包扎，包裝，系好

price (1)價(jià)格：a price tag 價(jià)簽，（2）Pay the price for sth.為某事付出代價(jià)

For him, two thousand dollars is a small price to pay for it. 對(duì)他而言，花2000美元買(mǎi)來(lái)那件東西，是算不了什么的。

4. My nephew, George, has a money-box but it is always empty. Very few of the sixpences I have given him have found their way there. 我的外甥喬治有一個(gè)儲(chǔ)蓄罐，但總是空空的。我給了不少50便士的硬幣，但沒(méi)有幾個(gè)存到儲(chǔ)蓄罐里。find their way there = reach 抵達(dá)，到達(dá)， 找到自己的去處

Rivers find their way to the sea.

After a while I pulled myself to my feet and found my way to the street.過(guò)了一會(huì)兒我站起身來(lái)，走到了大街上。

Sarah found her way to the hotel all right, but she couldnt then find her way back home.薩拉順利地來(lái)到飯店，可是后來(lái)卻找不到回家的路了。

How did such a foolish statement find its way into print? 這樣愚蠢的話(huà)怎么會(huì)印出來(lái)呢。

類(lèi)似的短語(yǔ)：

1. find ones way out 尋找解決方法
2. find ones way to v. 到達(dá)
3. find ones way 找到路 認(rèn)得路
4. out of ones way 遠(yuǎn)離某人所走的路,不順道
5. find ones way down the stairs 下樓梯
6. find ones way through 穿過(guò),通過(guò),擠過(guò)
7. go out of ones way 特意,專(zhuān)門(mén) 不怕麻煩，盡力地
8. get … out of ones way 把…從某人面前搬開(kāi);不使…妨礙某人
9. carve out ones way v. 開(kāi)辟道路
10. get ... out of ones way 把…從某人面前搬開(kāi),不使…妨礙某人

5. I gave him sixpence yesterday and advised him to save it. Instead, he bought himself sixpence worth of trouble. 昨天，我給了他50便士讓存起來(lái)，卻拿這錢(qián)給自己買(mǎi)了50便士的麻煩。

advise: 建議

advise sb. to do sth. : 建議某人做某事（結(jié)果在所不問(wèn)）

persuade sb. to do sth.: 說(shuō)服某人做某事（說(shuō)服成功）

instead相反的是,表示句子間的邏輯關(guān)系。

fifty pence worth of trouble: 五十便士的麻煩

6. On his way to the sweet shop, he dropped his sixpence and it rolled along the pavement and then disappeared down a drain. 在他去糖果店的路上，50便士掉在地上，在人行道上跳了幾下，掉進(jìn)了陰溝里。drop vt.& vi. （使）落下；投下；（使）降低；減少

vt. 放棄；停止；（故意）降下；垂下（眼睛）

第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)：drops，現(xiàn)在分詞：dropping，過(guò)去分詞：dropped，過(guò)去時(shí)：dropped

由drop構(gòu)成的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)

1. at the drop of a hat毫不遲疑地；馬上；隨時(shí)

Its a joy being able to whip up a delicious meal at the drop of a hat.能夠立即做出一頓美食是一件樂(lè)事。

2. a drop in the ocean | a drop in the bucket九牛一毛；滄海一粟

Even this is a drop in the ocean compared to the sums wasted on promotion.跟浪費(fèi)在宣傳上的錢(qián)相比，這也只算是滄海一粟。

3. to have the drop on sb 比某人占優(yōu)勢(shì)；勝過(guò)某人；占某人上風(fēng)

There arent too many events in which Sweden has the drop on America, but this is one of them.瑞典強(qiáng)于美國(guó)的比賽項(xiàng)目不多，但這個(gè)是其中之一。

4. to have had a drop too much 喝醉了；喝多了

He had had a drop too much of the hard stuff. 他喝了太多烈酒，醉了。

7. George took off his jacket, rolled up his sleeves and pushed his right arm through the drain cover. 喬治脫掉外套，卷起袖子，將右胳膊伸進(jìn)了陰溝蓋。

take off, rolled up, push這一系列的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成a, b and c的平行結(jié)構(gòu)，很形象地描述了事件的發(fā)展，很有連貫性。

roll vi. 滾動(dòng)； vt. 滾動(dòng)

The pencil rolled under the table.

He rolled the ball towards the puppy.

roll up:卷起，挽起

We will need to roll up the carpet.

8. He could not find his sixpence anywhere, and what is more, he could not get his arm out. 但他摸了半天也沒(méi)找到那50便士硬幣，他的胳膊反倒退不出來(lái)了。

what引導(dǎo)的插入語(yǔ)

what is more important 更重要的是

what is worse 更糟糕的是

what is more 更甚者

what is rare 更罕見(jiàn)的是

9. A crowd of people gathered round him and a lady rubbed his arm with soap and butter, but George was firmly stuck. 這時(shí)在他周?chē)狭嗽S多人，一位女士在喬治胳膊上抹了肥皂，黃油，但喬治的胳膊仍然卡得緊緊的。

gather round 聚在周?chē)?/p>

rub his arm with sth. ... 用......涂抹他的手臂

firmly:堅(jiān)定的，穩(wěn)固的（加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣）

be stuck 陷在（地方），動(dòng)不了

動(dòng)詞原形是：stick，過(guò)去式及過(guò)去分詞均是：stuck

His car was stuck in the mud. 他的車(chē)陷在泥里了。

10. The fire-brigade was called and two firemen freed George using a special type of grease. 有人打電話(huà)叫來(lái)消防隊(duì)，兩位消防隊(duì)員使用了一種特殊的潤(rùn)滑劑才使喬治得以解脫。

free

v.釋放；使自由；使擺脫；解除；使可用于(某目的)

adj.自由的；免費(fèi)的；暢通的；沒(méi)有…的；未使用的；空閑的；隨意的

adv.免費(fèi)地；自由地

習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)

to make free with sb/sth隨意使用…；對(duì)…放肆無(wú)禮

They are making free with your property.他們?cè)陔S意處置你的財(cái)產(chǎn)。

British soldiers were making free with French women.英國(guó)士兵對(duì)待法國(guó)女性放肆無(wú)禮。

11. George was not too upset by his experience because the lady who owns the sweet shop heard about his troubles and rewarded him with a large box of chocolates. 不過(guò)，此事并沒(méi)使喬治過(guò)于傷心，因?yàn)樘枪昀习迥锫?tīng)說(shuō)了他遇到的麻煩后，賞給他一大盒巧克力。rewarded him with a large box of chocolates.賞給他一大盒巧克力

The link between performance and reward continues to increase.業(yè)績(jī)和酬勞之間的聯(lián)系越來(lái)越緊密。

Current employment laws will be changed to reward effort and punish laziness.

You deserve a reward for being so helpful. 你幫了這么大的忙，理應(yīng)受到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。

Winning the match was just reward for the effort the team had made. 贏得比賽的勝利是全隊(duì)付出努力應(yīng)得的回報(bào)。

reward構(gòu)成的固定短語(yǔ)

1. reward for 因…的酬謝；作為…的回報(bào)
2. as a reward for 作為…的報(bào)酬；作為…的回報(bào)
3. reward system 獎(jiǎng)賞系統(tǒng)；獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)系統(tǒng)
4. reward with 獎(jiǎng)賞
5. .offer a reward 懸賞
6. in reward for 作為報(bào)答；作為…的報(bào)酬
7. in reward of 作為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)；為酬答…