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英語句子成分講解書(英語學習--句子成分)

發布時間:2024-01-23閱讀(12)

導讀認識一個句子中的各種成分,是英語學習的基礎知識,下面我們就來聊聊關于英語句子成分講解書?接下來我們就一起去了解一下吧!英語句子成分講解書認識一個句子中的各種....

認識一個句子中的各種成分,是英語學習的基礎知識,下面我們就來聊聊關于英語句子成分講解書?接下來我們就一起去了解一下吧!

英語句子成分講解書(英語學習--句子成分)

英語句子成分講解書

認識一個句子中的各種成分,是英語學習的基礎知識。

英語句子中總共有以下成分:

1、主語 2、謂語 3、賓語 4、表語 5、定語 6、狀語 7、補語

一、主語:

定義:動作的發起者、執行者,或者是句子陳述的對象。

(一般由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞或者從句來充當),大多數主語都在句首。如:

代詞作主語 We work in a big factory.

名詞作主語 The classroom is very big.

數詞作主語 Three are enough.

不定式作主語 To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job.

動名詞用作主語 Watching a film is pleasure, making one is hard work. )

從句作主語(主語從句What we need is food .

特殊:

在“There be …”句型中,屬于倒裝句,主語的位置在中間。There are some bottles of milk in the box.

▲ 在個別句型中,主語在整個句子后面,這時前面用it作形式主語。如:

It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”.

It took two workers about three months to build the house.

二、謂語:

定語:用來說明主語的動作、行為、狀態

(簡單謂語、復合謂語)謂語必須是動詞或動詞短語,放在主語之后。

謂語和主語在“人稱”和“數”兩方面必須一致(即主謂一致)。如:

He knocked at the door heavily.

He knows a little English.

注意:句子的時態和語態完全體現在謂語動詞上。

如:

He went to the library just now.

I have finished my homework.

The window was broken last night.

三、賓語:

定義:是動作、行為的對象/承受者(賓語由名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或相當于名詞的詞/短語或從句來充當。有時,會有雙賓語。

例:

名詞作賓語 He never forgives others for their mistakes.

代詞做賓語 He often helps me.

不定式作賓語 He likes to sleep in the open air.

動名詞作賓語 The Americans enjoyed living in China.

從句做賓語 I believe that they can finish the work in time.

四、表語

定義:是用來說明主語身份、狀態、特征等含義,由名詞、形容詞、介詞、副詞、不定式及相當于名詞的詞或短語,或者是句子來充當,它的位置在系動詞后面。

形容詞作表語 You look younger than before.

名詞作表語 My father is a teacher.

副詞作表語 Everyone is here.

介詞短語作表語 They are at the theatre.

不定式作表語 My job is to teach them English.

動名詞作表語 Her job is training the nurses.

從句作表語 That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.

表語置于系動詞后,與系動詞一起構成主系表結構。系動詞除了be(表狀態)外,還有:

表持續:keep, remain, stay, lie, stand

表表象:seem, appear, look

表變化:go, get, turn, grow, become

表感官:taste, smell, look, sound, feel

表終止:prove, turn out

五、定語

定義:相當于形容詞的作用,對前面的名詞或代詞進行修飾和限定范圍。

一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞、從句等來充當。分為前置定語和后置定語。

形容詞作定語 She is an honest girl.

名詞作定語 They made some paper flowers.

介詞短語作定語 The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade One.

分詞短語作定語 The boy sleeping in the room is my brother.

從句作定語 The tall boy who is standing there is Peter.

六、狀語

定義:是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞、短語或整個句子。一般表示行動發生的時間、地點、目的、方式原因、結果、程度等。

可用作狀語的有副詞、名詞、形容詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語、從句等。

介詞短語作狀語:

In the classroom, the boy needs a pen.

在教室里,男孩需要一支鋼筆。(地點狀語)

On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom.星期天,教室里沒有學生.(時間狀語)

副詞作狀語: I walked quickly.

分詞(短語)作狀語:

He sits there,asking for a pen.

他坐在那兒要一支筆。(表示伴隨狀態)

Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.因為不得不完成作業,男孩需要一支筆(原因狀語)

Frightened, he sits there soundlessly.

(因為)受了驚嚇,他無聲地坐在那兒.(原因狀語)

不定式作狀語:

The boy needs a pen to do his homework.

男孩需要一支筆寫家庭作業。(目的狀語)

To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business.

為實現夢想,湯姆變得對商業很有興趣.(條件狀語)

I am glad to see you. 我很高興遇見你。(原因狀語)

名詞作狀語:Wait a minute.

從句作狀語(九大狀語從句):

時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結果狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、比較狀語從句、地點狀語從句、方式狀語從句。如:

It was raining when we arrived.

She found her calculator where she lost it.

He worked hard so that he passed the exam.

He walked slowly as if he had hurt his leg.

七、補語:

在英語的句子中有些句子里只有賓語并不能表達完整的意思,還必須在賓語后面加上賓語的補足語才能表達完整的意思。我們把“賓語+賓語補足語”合起來稱為復合賓語。復合賓語所表達的意思相當于一個句子的意思。

補語的主要作用是補充說明賓語的特點、身份、狀態等,表示讓賓語去完成的動作.

常見的“賓語+賓語補足語”的結構有:

1.“賓語 名詞”。常用于該結構的動詞有:

call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave等。

1). We call him Jack.

2). They made Li Lei their monitor.

2.“賓語 形容詞”。常見的動詞有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want等。如:

1). Do you think his idea wrong?

2). We must keep our classroom clean.

3.“賓語 副詞”。副詞作賓補常表示賓語的狀態,與賓語有邏輯上的主表關系。常見的副詞有:down, up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等。如:

1). Mr. Li drove us home.

2). When got there, we found him out.

4.“賓語 介詞短語”。介詞短語作賓補常表示其邏輯主語(即賓語)所處的狀態,兩者有主表的關系。如:

We found everything in good order.

5.“賓語 不定式”。充當賓補的不定式有三種:

a.要求帶to的不定式

The cool water of the lake invited us to swim.

b. 不帶to 的不定式 let, make, see, hear, watch等使役動詞

The boss made the workers work 12 hours a day.

I often hear him read English in his room.

c.單詞help 后可加 to 或不加 to

She sometimes helps her mother (to) do housework.

6.“賓語 現在分詞”。現在分詞作賓補,此時在該句型中的賓語即為現在分詞邏輯上的主語,有著主謂關系。

I saw them playing on the playground.

I heard Mary singing in the classroom.

7.“賓語 過去分詞”。賓語和賓補之間是被動關系,過去分詞表示被動和完成。

I had my bike stolen.

The teacher explained again and again to make himself understood.

8.形式賓語+形容詞

We found it impossible to get there before Saturday.

9.賓語 what 從句

Call me what you like.

Mr. Li has made the factory what it is today.

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